|
KMID : 0352019880130010127
|
|
Kyung Hee University Medical Journal
1988 Volume.13 No. 1 p.127 ~ p.158
|
|
|
A Study on the Lateral Dominance (Hand, Foot, Trunk Side and Eye) of Athletes and Non-athletes in Korea
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
The duration of study is from April 1st of 1987 to April 30st of 1988. The subject of study consists of athletes being in school and students in general who are in attendance at middle schools, high schools, and universities in all parts of Korea, the representative athletes of the public general, and the public general. All samples are selected at random. The total number of subjects counts to 1102 persons (887 persons of athletes, 215 persons of the public general), including 775 persons of man (695 persons of athletes, 80 persons of the public general), and 327 persons of woman (192 persons of athletes, 135 persons of the public general). The researchers measure and analyse the subjects´ physique, physical strength, the test of Dominance eye, the functional test of hand, foot, body, and eye. And the results are as following.
1. The Quality of Subjects
The athletic events and distribution of subjects are as following; shooting athletes have the largest rate of 16.9%, followed 12.9% of field and track athletes. The athletes of the Korean art of empty handed selfdefence have 8.1%, the athletes of Western-style archery 5.6%, football players 4.7%, volleyball players 3.8%, fencing players 3.5%, baseball players 3.4%, boxing players 3.4%. And the public general has 19.5% among 1102 persons.
In the age distribution of subjects, man range from 14 to 25 years old, and woman range from 16 to 23 years old.
2. Physical Growth and Development.
1) Body Height (cm)
In man´s average height, a baseketball player has the largest value of 180.63±5.74cm, followed 184.24±
5.25cm of a Volleyball player. A shooting player has 176.80±7.61cm, a wrestler 176.22±4.30cm, a badminton player 175.90±3.51 cm, a gymnast 175.70±4.30cm, and public and students in general 171.35± 5.55cm.
In case of woman, a handball player has the largest values of 165.14±4.3cm, followed 164.59±5.60cm of a athlete of field and track, 163.10±3.39cm of a athlete of the Korean art of emptyhanded self-defense, and public and students in general.
In both of man and woman, the average height of athletes is more than the standard value of Korean, but the value of public and students in general nearly agrees with the standard value. 2) Body Weight (kg)
In man´s average weight, a wrestler has the heaviest value of 82.51±9.39kg, followed 60.03±4,81kg of a gymnast, 74.85±6.81kg of a Volleyball player, 70.10±3.41kg of a badminton player, and 65.05± 6.5kg of public and students in general.
In case of woman, a handball player has the heaviest value of weight of 59.77±4.13kg, followed 57.62± 3.10kg of a badminton player, 57.24±4.79kg of a Western-style archery player, 56.33±5.45kg of the athlete of the Korean art of empty-handed self-defense, and 59.06±5.08kg of public and students in general.
r
In both of man and woman, the value of weight of athletes is more than the standard value of the weight of Korean, and the value of public and students in general is also more than the standard value of weight of Korean.
3) Chest-Girth (cm)
In man´s standard chest-girth, a Volleyball player has the largest value of chest-girth of 1 19.58±4,85cm, followed 106.39±5.62cm of the athlete of field and track, 105.43±5.54cm of a wrestler, 97.30±9.97cm of a bymnast, 97.13±4.85cm of a judo althlete, and 93.08±11.39cm of public and students in general.
In case of woman, a hanball player has the largest chestgirth of 86.00±2.77cm, followed 84.79±2.66cm of a player of Western-style archery, 84.65±3.02cm of a shooting player, 84.36±2.24cm of a table tennis layer, and 88.23±5.97cm of public and students in general. So the value of weight of public and students in general is more than athletes.
4) Sitting Height (cm)
In man´s average sitting height, a weight lifter has the largest value of sitting height of 126.54±6.65cm, vollowed in order of 98.19±3.26cm of a Volleyball player, 104.44±9.71 cm of a thlete of field and track, and 1 15.80±3.60cm of university students in general. So both of athletes and university students in general reveal the superior value of sitting height.
In case of woman, a badminton player shows the largest value of sitting height of 89.78±4.73cm, followed 88.69±3.61cm of a handball player, 86.94±4.02cm of a athlete of field and track, 86.78±2.59cm of a shooting player, and 81.47±5.86cm of university students in general.
3. Physical Fitness 1) Grip Strength
In man´s average grip strength, a Volleyball player shows, in both of right and left hand, the most excellent values of grip strength of 56.01±6.88 and 60.06±8.70, followed 51.75±4.64 and 48.20±8.62 of a athlete of field and track, 49.71± 10.86 and 52.94±9.51 of a shooting player, 47.54±3.09 and 52.72±2.77 of a weight lifter, 45.32±4.87 and 51.07±3.37 of a gymnast, and finally 56.78±6.88 and 61.06±8.70. So the value of grip strength of left hand is more superior than the one of right hand.
In case of woman, a shooting player has the most excellent values of 32.65±5.83 and 37.13±4.48, followed each of 30.77±2.92 and 33.31±2.72 of a badminton player, 30.09±7.24 and 32.50±7.66 of a
athlete of field and track, 30.29±4.45 and 33.21±3.64 of a table tennis player, and 28.00±9.90 and 29.83±9.61 of students in general.
2) Arm Strength
In man´s average arm strength, a wrestler has, in both of left and right hand, the most excellent values of each of 30.96±3.71 and 32.89±2,86, followed 30.91±3.37 and 34.30±4.93 of a weight lifter, 30.96±3.78 and 33.47±2.48 of a Volleyball player, 30.15±4.11 and 32.55±3.20 of a gymnast, and finally 30.99±5.26 and 34.99±4.54 of students in general. So the arm strength of right hand is more superior than left hand.
In case of woman, a badminton player shows, in each of left and right hand, the most excellent value of 22.62±3.10 and 22.31±1.93, followed 21.67±5.51 and 22.00±6.08 of a gymnast, 20.95±3.58, and 19.98±2.48 of a Volleyball player, 20.69±1.75 and 22.24±2.17 of a athlete of the Korean art of emptyhanded self defence, and finally 19.54±3.25 and 20.29±4,96 of students in general.
3) Leg Strength
In man´s average leg strength, a Volleyball player shows, in each of left and right hand, the most excellent values of 71.54±12.46 and 69.98±9.75, followed each of 569.54±22.16 and 62.82±22.71 of a football player, 53.80±13.40 and 57.24±13.90 of a shooting player, 52.35±6.22 and 54.55±4.91 of a gymnast, and finally 53.81±5.64 and 49.62±5.14 of students in general.
In case of woman, a badminton player shows, in each of left and right hand, the most excellent value of 29.54±33.0±2.84, followed 29.54±4.40 and 32.33±5.74 of a athlete of the Korean art of empth-handed self defence, 28.33±6.98 and 30.12±5.15 of a athlete of field and track, 27.17±7.70 and 27.57±5.60 of a shooting player, and inally 26.15±7.29 and 29.30±2.36 of students in general. So the strength of right is more superior than left leg, and man´s one is more superior than woman´s.
4. The Functional Rate of Hands
As considered according to its function, the rates of right hand, left hand, both of hands in both of man and woman, the total rates are each of 75.14%, 17.19%, 4.13% of man and 77.29%, 15.84%, 3.44% of woman. So, in most case, right and has the best function, followed in order of left hand and both of hands.
5. The Functional Rate of Feet.
As considered according to the kinds of events, in the excellent functional rate of right foot, a athlete of field and track events holds the largest rate of 89.49%, followed 68.83% of a boxing player, 65.49% of a athlete of the Korean art of empty handed self defence, 65.33% of a gymnast, 65.11% of a Volleyball player. In the excellent function rate of left foot, a player of badminton has 45.33%, followed 43.48% of a weight lifter. Incase that the function of left foot is excellent, both of right and left foot have the same level of function. In the events of weight lifting, basketball, Western-style archery, badminton, both of left and right feet have each of the functional rate of 50%.
Meanwhile, in case of woman, the excellent functional rate of right foot is as following; a gymnast 86.67%, a Volleyball player 84.44%, handball player 82.56%, a table tennis player 74.29%, a ahlete of the Korean art of empty handed self defence 73.02%. The rates of events in which both of left and right feet have good function are 59.49% of and 34.36% of a badminton player, 56.81% and 31.03% of a Western-style archery player.
In case of students in general, especially man, the functional rates of left and right feet indicate each of 24.6 1% and 69.22%. And in case of woman, the functional rates indicate each of 19.36% and 75.11%.
In the whole functional rate of feet of man and woman, and indicates each of 61.26%, 30.8%, 4.0%, and woman indicates each of 70.34%, 23.08%, 3.57%.
6. The Functional Rate of Body
As considered according to the kinds of sports events, in case of man, the rates of excellent function on the right part of body (neck, waist, shoulder, turning of body) is as following; a table tennis player
indicates 81.60%, a fencer 73.08%, a football player 68.5%, a boxing player 64.53%. And the events in which both of left and right feet have excellent function are Western-style archery of 41.67% and 35.26%, field and track events of 45.08% and 42.42%, Volleyball of 53.13% and 38.19%, shooting of 40.90% and 39.0%, judo of 55.23% and 30.0%, gymnastics of 48.13% and 41.87%, wrestling of 47.32% and 35.72%, fencing of 48.40% and 41.67%, the Korean art of empty handed self defence of 56.62% and 33.82%, badminton of 60.0% and 30.0%. On the contrary, the events in which left part of body has good function are weight lefting of 43.48% and 32.07%, basketball of 43.75% and 40.63%, baseball of 5 2.39% and 30.92%.
In case of students in general, the right part of body counts to 51.0%, left part counts to 35.56%, both of part counts to 5.32%. On the other hand, in case of woman, the events in which the right part of body has good function are field and track events of 50.0% and 30.43%, Volleyball of 87.50% and 12.50% table tennis of 74.11% and 22.32%, gymnastics of 83.33%and 16.67%, handball of 89.49% and 10.58%, the Korean art of empty handed self defence of 77.38% and 13.69T, badminton of 50.0% and 34.62%. In contrast, the event in which the left part of body has good function is Western-style archery of 38.59T and 36.41%. The event in which both parts of body have good function is shooting of 27.7% and 32.61%.
7. The Functional Rate of Eye
The events in which both of right and left eyes have good sight are the western-style archery of 58.77% and 16.67%, the field and track events of 60.61% and 22.73%, the basketaball of 50.0% and 28.13%, the football of 62.50% and 16.35%. So the case that right eye has better sight that left eye comes to two third, the reverse case comes to one third. The events in which both of right and left eyes have good sight are the weight lifting of 30.43%, the shooting of 30.67%, the fencing of 30.77%.
In case of women, the events in which right eye has better right than left sight are the gymnastics of 100%, the Volleyball of 91.67%, the table tennis of 82.14%, the handball of 76.92%, the Korean art of empth-handed self defence of 71.43%.
The event in which left eye has better sight than right eye is the badminton of 46.16% (the rate of right eye is 438.46%). The event in which both of right and left eyes have good right is the western-style archery of 30.43%.
In the case of students in general, especially man, the case that right eye has better sight than left eye counts to 62.35%. And in case of woman, the same case counts to 67.04%.
8. The comparison of the difference between left and right part; hands, foots, body, eyes.
Hand Foot Side Eye
Side Male! Female. Male; Female; Male Female; Male Female
Right 75.14 76.68 61.26 ´70.34 51.00 59.00 57.04 63.40
Left 17.19 16.59 30.18 23.08 35.56 27.50 20.87 23.28 Both of side 4.13 3.56 4.00 3.57 5.32 4.00 19.19 10.72
None 3.54 3.17 4.56 301 8.12 9.50 2.9 2.60
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
9. The measuring Value of Dominance eye of Korean
The Dominance eye of Korean is as following; right eye is 67.3% (man; 69.0%, woman; 63.3%) and left eye is 32.7% (man; 31.0%, woman; 36.7%) respectively.
|
|
|
KEYWORD
|
|
|
|
|
|
FullTexts / Linksout information
|
|
|
|
|
|
Listed journal information
|
|
|
|
|